Sauran Abubuwan Da Ake wa Zakka

Zakkar Bashi

Hukuncin Zakkar Wanda Wani Yake Bin Shi Bashi

Idan ana bin mutum bashin da ya kai nisabi, ko wanda bai kai nisabi ba, to zakka ba ta wajaba a kanshi ba, idan bashin ba zai rage nisabi ba, to zai cire abin da ake bin sa, ya fidda zakkar abin da ya rage na dukiyarsa.

Misali : Mutum ne yake da dala dubu goma (10,000), kuma ana bin sa bashin dala dubu goma, to babu zakka a kansa, saboda bashin ya cinye nisabin zakkar. Hakanan da a ce bashin da ake binsa dala dubu tara ne da casa’in da biyar (9950) to wannan bashin ma ya tauye nisabi don haka zakka ba ta wajaba a kanshi ba.

Amma idan bashin da ake binsa dala dubu huxu ne (4000), to zai cire abin da bashin zai ci, ya zama saura dala dubu shida (6000), zakka ta wajaba a kansa. Cikin abin da ya ragu.

Hukuncin Zakkar Bashin Da Mutum Yake Bi

1 – Idan zai yi wahala a biya shi bashin, kamar a ce wanda yake bi bashin ya talauce, ko kuma ya yi musun bashin, to zakka ba ta wajaba akan wanda yake bin bashin ba a kowace shekara. Idan ya karvi kuxin daga baya to sai ya fitar da zakkar shekara guda.

2 – idan ba za a qi biyansa bashin sa ba, kamar ya zama wanda ake bi bashin ba mai jinkirin biyan bashi ba, kuma yana da niyyar biya, to wajibi ne akan wanda yake bin bashin ya fitar da zakkar bashin a duk shekara, saboda kamar kuxin yana wajenshi ne.

Zakkar Takardun Karvar Kuxi

Wannan riba ce a fili, kuma haramun ce, saboda bashi ne da qari. A taqaice dai irin waxannan takardu mu’amala da su ba ta halatta, saboda bashi ne haxe da qari da riba, don haka duk wanda yake mu’amala da su ya tuba ya daina.

Hukuncin Zakkar Takardun Qimar Kuxi Da Abin Da Za Bayar

Zakkar takardun da suke xauke da qimar kuxi, kamar zakkar bashi ce, idan sun kai nisabi zakka ta wajaba a cikinsu, ko kuma idan ka haxa su da sauran abin da mutum ya mallaka na kuxi da kayan kasuwanci, shekara ta zagayo a a kansu, sai ya a fitar da kaso xaya bisa huxu na kaso goman dukiyar.

Idan waxannan takardun na qimar kuxin ba za a iya canza su ba su zama kuxi sai bayan wani lokaci, to zakka dai ba ta saraya daga cikinsu, sai a fitar da zakkar shekarun da suka wuce bayan an canza ta.

Zakkar Alawus (Allowance) Na Qare Aike, Da Na Ajiye Aiki, Da Kuma Garatuti (Garatutude).

Kuxin Qare Aiki

Wasu kuxi ne sannannu, da ma'aikaci ya cancanci a bashi, a qarshen aikinsa, kamar yadda doka ta tsara, bayan cika sharuxxan da aka sanya.

Alawus Na Ajiye Aiki

Wasu kuxi ne sanannu da tsarin inshora ta zamantakewa ta qusa, wanda qasa ko kamfanoni suke baiwa ma'aikacin da bai cika sharuxxan ci gaba da karvar kuxin fansho ba.

Kuxin Fansho (Peansion)

Wasu kuxi ne da ma'aikaci ya cancanci qasa ko kamafani su ba shi a duk wata, bayan ya gama aikinsa, kamar yadda doka ta tanada, in dai ma'aikaci ya cika sharuxxan da aka sa.

Bashin da aka bayar don samun wata fa'ida ko qari a kai

Hukuncin Zakkar Waxannan Kuxaxe

Zakka ba ta wajaba akan ma’aikaci a cikin waxannan kuxaxe, saboda bai mallake su ba cikakkiyar mallaka, wadda take sharaxi ce a cikin wajabcin zakka, saboda kuwa ma’aikaci ba ya iya sarrafa su, bai da wani haqqi na kai tsaye tsawon lokacin aikinsa.

Waxannan kuxaxe da ma’aikaci ya cancance su, idan an ba da umarni da iyakance su da baiwa ma’aikaci su, gaba xaya a lokaci guda, ko kuma a matakai daban-daban, to sun zama mulkinsa cikakken mulki, zai ba da zakkar abin da ya karva na wannan dukiya.

Zakkar Kuxin Da Mai Haya Yake Bayarwa

Hukucinsu

Zakka ba ta wajaba akan mai haya ba a cikin waxannan kuxin, saboda basa mulkinsa, bai mallake su ba cikakken mulki, wanda sharaxi a cikin wajabcin zakka [Duba littafin “Qadaya Fiqihiyyah Mu’asirah” Na Dr. Salahus Sawi, sh 60].

Zakkar Wasu Haqqoqi Waxanda Ba Kuxi Ba

Irin waxannan haqqoqin a yau sun zama masu qima, kuma dukiya ce a shari’a, don haka ya halatta a yi tasarrufi a cikinsu gwargwadon tsarin shari’a, a kuma kare su, ba ya halatta a yi ta’adi a cikinsu.

Zakka ba ta halatta a cikin haqqin marubuci, ko cikin qirqirar da ya yi, saboda sharuxxan zakka ba su cika ba. Amma idan aka yi amfani da su aka samu kuxi, to za a aiwatar musu abin da ake wa ribar da aka samu a dukiya [Duba littafin “Qadaya Fiqihiyyah Mu’asirah” Na Dr. Salahus Sawi, sh 60].

Zakkar Albashi, Da Ribar Da Aka Samu Daga Sana’a

Hukuncinsu

Hukuncinsu hukuncin zakkar kuxi, idan suka kai nisabi, kuma shekara ta kewayo a kansu, to zakka ta wajaba a cikinsu, abin da za a bayar da rubu’in ushuri (2.5%).

Zakkar Dukiyar Haramun

Hukuncin Zakkar Dukiyar Haramun

Dukiyar take haramun ce a karan-kanta, kamar wadda aka samu a kasuwancin giya, ko saida alade, ba wadda ake wa zakka ba ce.

Haka ma dukiyar da take haramun ce saboda wani abu, kamar wadda aka samu matsala wajen nemota, kamar dukiyar da aka sato, ita ma ba wadda ake wa zakka ba ce, saboda ba a mallaketa ba cikakkiyar mallaka, wadda sharaxi ne na wajabcin zakka.

Yadda Za A Yi Da Dukiyar Haramun

A – wanda yake da dukiyar haramun da ya samu ta hanyar da ba ta dace ba, to wannan dukiyar ba mallakinsa ba ce, komin daxewa da aka yi, wajibi ne ya mayar da ita zuwa ga mai ita, ko wanda ya mallaketa, ko magajinta in ya sanshi, idan kuwa ya xebe qaunar gano shi, to wajibi ne ya ciyar da ita a hanyar alheri don ya kuvuta daga gareta, kuma ya yi nufin sadaka ga mai ita.

B – Idan mutum ya karvi ladan aikin haramun da ya yi, to ya sarrafa a kuxin a ayyukan alheri, kada ya mayar wa wanda ya bashi, saboda idan ya mayar masa ya taimaka a kan aikin savo.

C – Ba a mayar da dukiyar haramun zuwa ga wanda ya bayar da ita, in dai yana nan kan mu'amalarsa ta haramun, kamar kuxaxen riba. Za a sarrafa su ne a ayyukan alheri.

D – Idan mayar da haqiqanin dukiyar haramun ya yi wuya, to sai a mayar da kwatankwacinta, ko qimarta ga mai ita, in an san shi, in kuwa ba a san shi ba sai a sarrafa kwatankwacinta ko qimarta a ayyukan alheri, da niyyar sadaka ga mai ita.[Duba littafin “Qadaya Fiqihiyya Mu’asira” Na Dr. Salahus Sawi, sh 61 da abin da ya biyo baya]