Q 1: What is
the ruling on the village pasture? Is it public or private property?
A:
It takes the ruling of private property but it is permissible for other than the villagers to make use of the village pasture, as long as this does not harm the villagers or lead to any disputes. It is confirmed that the Prophet (peace be upon him) (Part No. 15; Page No. 438) said,
"Do not withhold the superfluous water in order to withhold the superfluous grass."
It is also related that the Prophet (peace be upon him) said,
"There should be neither harming nor reciprocating harm."
May Allah grant us success. May peace and blessings be upon our Prophet Muhammad, his family, and Companions.