Evidence on the obligation of Zakah

As for the outcome of cultivated land, it includes: grains, fruits, mineral, and Rikaz (buried treasures). These can be detailed as follows: Grains and fruits: Zakah is obligatory for all kinds of grains and fruits that are measured and stored. However, there are two conditions that have to be fulfilled for the obligation of Zakah in this regard: Firstly: Reaching the Nisab (the minimum amount on which Zakah is due) which, after liquidation in grains and dryness of fruits, equals five Wasqs (1 Wasq = 60 Sa`s =130,320 kg) which were common during the lifetime of the Prophet (peace be upon him). Secondly: The Nisab should be owned by the person when Zakah is due. (Part No. 9; Page No. 176

As for the outcome of cultivated land, it includes: grains, fruits, mineral, and Rikaz (buried treasures). These can be detailed as follows: Grains and fruits: Zakah is obligatory for all kinds of grains and fruits that are measured and stored. However, there are two conditions that have to be fulfilled for the obligation of Zakah in this regard: Firstly: Reaching the Nisab (the minimum amount on which Zakah is due) which, after liquidation in grains and dryness of fruits, equals five Wasqs (1 Wasq = 60 Sa`s =130,320 kg) which were common during the lifetime of the Prophet (peace be upon him). Secondly: The Nisab should be owned by the person when Zakah is due. (Part No. 9; Page No. 176) One-tenth is due on land which is irrigated without any effort, such as by rain, streams and that which is irrigated through its roots. One half of one-tenth is due on that which is irrigated by artificial means such as machines. If it is irrigated for half the year by one means and for half the year by the other, then the rate is three-quarters of one-tenth. If it is irrigated by one means more than by the other, then it should be worked out according to the means which is used more. If the ratio is unknown, then one-tenth is due. If the grains and fruits became ripe, then Zakah is due, and it is confirmed by storing them, but if they spoil before that then Zakah is not due whether estimated or not. It is worth mentioning that Zakah is due on grains after being liquidated and on fruits after ripeness. The ruler should send an expert after the fruits are in good condition to estimate Zakah for them so they can handle the fruits as they will. If there are many kinds of fruits, then each should be estimated separately, and if there is just one kind, then each tree will be estimated on its own, or the expert can make the estimation as a whole. During the process of estimation, the owner of the fruits is entitled to a third or a quarter, and if he does not, then he can eat from the fruits afterwards. Zakah is not due on vegetables due to the saying of Allah (Exalted be He): O you who believe! Spend of the good things which you have (legally) earned, and of that which We have produced from the earth for you, and do not aim at that which is bad to spend from it, (though) you would not accept it save if you close your eyes and tolerate therein. And know that Allâh is Rich (Free of all needs), and Worthy of all praise. And: ...pay the due thereof (its Zakât, according to Allâh’s Orders 1/10th or 1/20th) on the day of its harvest (Part No. 9; Page No. 177)  Ibn `Abbas and others said: What is due here is the obligatory Zakah.It is also narrated on the authority of Abu Sa`id (may Allah be pleased with him) that the Messenger of Allah (peace be upon him) said: No Zakah is due on less than five Wasqs (1 Wasq = 60 Sa‘s =130,320 kg). Agreed upon by Al-Bukhari and Muslim. Muslim also narrated: No Zakah (obligatory charity) is due on less than five Wasqs (1 Wasq = 60 Sa`s =130,320 kg) of dates or grains. The narration of Abu Dawud contains: "Zakah". It is narrated on the authority of Ibn `Umar (may Allah be pleased with them both) that the Prophet (peace be upon him) said: On land irrigated by rain water or by natural water channels or if the land is watered by a nearby water channel, `Ushr (i.e. one-tenth) is compulsory (as Zakah); and on the land irrigated by a well, half of an `Ushr (i.e. one-twentieth) is compulsory (as Zakah on the yield of the land). Related by Al-Bukhari and others. Muslim narrated on the authority of Jabir: On land irrigated by camels, one twentieth is due (as Zakah). (Part No. 9; Page No. 178) On the authority of `Attab ibn Usayd (may Allah be pleased with him) that he said: The Messenger of Allah (peace be upon him) commanded us to estimate vines (for collecting Zakah) as palm-trees are estimated. The Zakah is to be paid in raisins. Related by the Five Compilers of Hadith (Imams Ahmad, Abu Dawud, Al-Tirmidhy, Al-Nasa'iy and Ibn Majah). It is also narrated on the authority of Sahl ibn Abu Hathmah (may Allah be pleased with him) as a Hadith Marfu` (a Hadith narrated from the Prophet with a connected or disconnected chain of narration) that he said: When you estimate, take them and leave a third, and if you do not leave a third, then leave a quarter. Related by Abu Dawud, Al-Nasa'y, Al-Tirmidhy and others. Besides, it has been reported on the authority of Mu`adh ibn Jabal (may Allah be pleased with him) that the Prophet (peace be upon him) said: No Zakah is due on vegetables. Related by Al-Tirmidhy and others. Al-Darqutny narrated on the authority of `Aly and `Aishah (may Allah be pleased with them both) a Hadith bearing the same meaning. Al-Tirmidhy said: There is no Zakah due on vegetables as people of knowledge agreed on this. Al-Bayhaqy said: The said Hadith has different Sanad (chain of narrators) (Part No. 9; Page No. 179) which strengthen one another in addition to the sayings of the Sahabah (Companions of the Prophet). Al-Khattaby said that the Hadith: No Zakah is due on less than five Wasqs (1 Wasq = 60 Sa‘s =130,320 kg), is proof that Zakah is not due on vegetables. Rather it is due on what is measured and stored of grains and fruits unlike those which are not measured and stored of fruits and vegetables and the like. This is what scholars unanimously agreed upon.May Allah grant us success. May peace and blessings be upon our Prophet Muhammad, his family, and Companions.